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The United States concluded free trade negotiations with Korea on April 1,
2007. The U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) is the most commercially
significant free trade agreement the United States has negotiated in nearly 20
years.
The KORUS FTA provides immediate elimination of duties on more than 60
percent of current U.S. exports and gives U.S. exporters improved access to the
Korean market for many of the products that have been highly protected. The U.S.
International Trade Commission estimates that annual U.S. agricultural exports
to Korea will increase by a minimum of $1.9 billion upon full implementation of
the agreement.
The agreement eliminates tariffs and other barriers on most agricultural
products, increasing export opportunities for a range of Iowa’s agricultural
products, including pork, corn, soybeans, beef, and dairy. Iowa’s exports to all
countries, estimated at $5.2 billion in 2007, supported about 55,415 jobs, both
on and off the farm. These export sales make an important contribution to Iowa’s
farm economy, which had total cash receipts of $19 billion in 2007.
Pork. Hogs were the second largest source of state farm cash receipts at
$4.3 billion in 2007, accounting for 23 percent of the state’s total. The
state is also the nation’s largest exporter of live animals and meat. Iowa’s
pork producers will benefit from this agreement.
Korea’s tariffs on imports of more than 90 percent of U.S. pork products
will become duty free on January 1, 2014. This includes all frozen pork
products and processed pork products.
Date-certain duty-free access allows for U.S. exports to compete on a
level playing field with other Korean free trading partners.
A transparent first-come first-serve safeguard quota for fresh pork
bellies and miscellaneous fresh cuts starts growing at 8,250 tons, nearly
double current trade volume.
Feed Grains. Iowa is a major corn producer with cash receipts of $6.3
billion in 2007, and the nation’s largest exporter of feed grains and products
at $1.9 billion in 2007.
U.S. exports of corn for feed are guaranteed to enter at zero duty
immediately. Korea is currently the fourth largest market for U.S. corn for
feed.
The FTA includes a new 93,774-ton duty-free quota for corn for
processing that grows quickly to 393,849 tons by year 7, after which
quantities will be unrestricted.
Soybeans and Products. As a top producer of soybeans and the leading
exporter of soybeans and products overseas, Iowa’s soybean producers will
benefit from this FTA.
The greatest potential benefit for the soybean sector is likely to come
from improved access to Korea’s 300,000-ton market for food-quality
soybeans. Korea has agreed to immediately eliminate its 5-percent tariff on
food-use soybeans.
Korea will establish a duty-free quota starting at 10,000 tons for
identity-preserved soybeans for food use (the production of soybean curd).
This quota will operate outside the current state trading entity, which has
charged a reported $250 per ton markup on soybean imports supplied to
soybean curd processors. (For comparison, based on trade data, Korea’s
average 2006 import price for soybeans used for food was $330 per ton. This
markup brings the price for imported quality beans to $580.)
Korean tariffs on imports of crude soybean oil (the majority of Korea’s
soybean oil imports) will decline from the current 5.4-percent tariff over
10 years. Refined oil tariff rates will decline from the current 5.4 percent
in five equal annual reductions. Korea’s 3-percent tariff on soybean flour
and meal will immediately go to zero.
Beef. Iowa’s cattle and beef industry is the state’s fourth largest
source of farm cash receipts at $2.7 billion in 2007. Iowa’s industry will
benefit from this FTA.
For beef muscle meats, the FTA provides a 15-year straight-line tariff
phase out with a safeguard that begins growing from 270,000 tons, a quantity
that is 17 percent larger than our largest historical shipments.
Technical consultations continue toward the goal of allowing imports to
take place consistent with World Organization for Animal Health (OIE)
guidelines.
Following the May 2007 decision by the OIE classifying the United States
as a controlled-risk country, Korea has announced that it will
undertake in a timely manner its regulatory process toward expansion of
market access for beef and beef products.
Dairy Products. Iowa’s dairy industry is the state’s sixth largest source
of state farm cash receipts at $810 million in 2006. Dairy producers stand to
gain from the FTA with Korea.
The FTA will provide immediate duty-free access for double the current
export volume of total dairy products. Duty-free quotas will be established
for cheese, skim/whole milk powder, food whey, and butter.
Current annual U.S. feed whey exports of $8 million will gain duty-free
access to the Korean market immediately upon implementation.
Honey. U.S. honey exports have access to a new 200-ton duty-free quota.
For questions about the U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement and its impact on
U.S. agriculture, please contact FAS Legislative and Public Affairs Office at
(202)720-7115 or
LPA@fas.usda.gov.
For detailed information on how the Agreement benefits specific commodities,
please visit:
http://www.fas.usda.gov/info/factsheets/Korea/us-koreaftafactsheets.asp.
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